This factory breeds 30 million mosquitoes per week. Here’s why.（這家工廠每周繁殖 3000 萬隻蚊子。原因如下）
This factory breeds 30 million mosquitoes per week. Here’s why.（這家工廠每周繁殖 3000 萬隻蚊子。原因如下）
來源：Prepare For Change（為改變作好準備）
By Derek Knauss - October 19, 2024
作者：德里克諾斯 - 2024 年 10 月 19 日
Here it is straight from the horse’s mouth….Mr. Gates…so it has got to be the truth!
這是直接從馬的嘴裡說出來的....蓋茨先生...所以這必須是事實！
Inside a two-story brick building in Medellín, Colombia, scientists work long hours in muggy labs breeding millions and millions of mosquitoes. They tend to the insects’ every need as they grow from larvae to pupae to adults, keeping the temperature just right and feeding them generous helpings of fishmeal, sugar, and, of course, blood.
在哥倫比亞麥德林的一棟兩層磚砌建築內，科學家們在悶熱的實驗室裡長時間工作，繁殖了數以百萬計的蚊子。它們照顧昆蟲從幼蟲到蛹再到成蟲的各種需求，保持恰到好處的溫度，並給它們餵食大量的魚粉、糖，當然還有血液。
Then, they release them across the country to breed with wild mosquitoes that can carry dengue and other viruses threatening to sicken and kill the population of Colombia.
然後，他們將它們釋放到全國各地，與野生蚊子一起繁殖，這些蚊子可以攜帶登革熱和其他病毒，威脅要使哥倫比亞的人口生病和死亡。
This might sound the beginnings of a Hollywood writer’s horror film plot.
這聽起來可能是一個好萊塢作家恐怖片情節的開始。
But it’s not.
但事實並非如此。
This factory is real.
這個工廠是真實的。
And the mosquitoes being released don’t terrorize the local population. Far from it. They’re actually helping to save and improve millions of lives.
而且釋放的蚊子不會對當地居民造成恐嚇。遠非如此。它們實際上是在幫助拯救和改善數百萬人的生命。
Here’s how they do it: The mosquitoes being produced in this factory carry bacteria called Wolbachia that block them from transmitting dengue and other viruses, such as Zika, chikungunya and yellow fever, to humans. By releasing them to reproduce with wild mosquitoes, they spread the bacteria, reducing virus transmission and protecting millions of people from illnesses.
他們是這樣做的：這家工廠生產的蚊子攜帶一種叫做沃爾巴克氏體的細菌，可以阻止它們將登革熱和其他病毒（如寨卡病毒、基孔肯雅熱和黃熱病）傳播給人類。通過釋放它們與野生蚊子一起繁殖，它們傳播了細菌，減少了病毒傳播並保護數百萬人免受疾病侵害。
I’ve written before about these amazing Wolbachia mosquitoes, including last year when a new study showed how effective they could be in preventing diseases. The randomized controlled trial conducted in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, found that Wolbachia-carrying mosquitoes reduced the number of dengue cases in the city by 77 percent and dengue hospitalizations by 86 percent. In a new study in Medellín, dengue cases have declined by 89 percent since Wolbachia mosquitoes started being released in 2015.
我以前寫過關於這些神奇的沃爾巴克氏體蚊子的文章，包括去年一項新的研究顯示了它們在預防疾病方面的有效性。在印尼日惹進行的隨機對照試驗發現，攜帶沃爾巴克氏體的蚊子使該市的登革熱病例數減少了 77%，登革熱住院人數減少了 86%。在麥德林的一項新研究中，自 2015 年開始釋放沃爾巴克氏體蚊子以來，登革熱病例下降了 89%。
These results are a huge breakthrough, offering proof that this new technology will protect entire cities and countries against the threat of mosquito-borne diseases. The World Mosquito Program, which is leading the Wolbachia effort, is now releasing these mosquitoes in 11 countries: Brazil, Colombia, Mexico, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, Australia, Fiji, Kiribati, New Caledonia, and Vanuatu.
這些結果是一項巨大的突破，證明這項新技術將保護整個城市和國家免受蚊媒疾病的威脅。領導沃爾巴克亞蚊子工作的世界蚊子計劃現在正在 11 個國家/地區釋放這些蚊子： 巴西、哥倫比亞、墨西哥、印尼、斯里蘭卡、越南、澳大利亞、斐濟、基裡巴斯、新喀里多尼亞和瓦努阿圖。
And what’s remarkable about the Wolbachia mosquitoes is that once enough of them are released to offer disease protection, it’s a solution that’s self-sustaining. Over time, families will be spared the heartbreak of losing loved ones and communities won’t need to spend money on prevention and treatment for these mosquito-borne diseases, freeing up funds for other health priorities.
沃爾巴克氏體蚊子的非凡之處在於，一旦釋放出足夠多的蚊子以提供疾病保護，它就是一種自我維持的解決方案。隨著時間的推移，家庭將免於失去親人的心碎，社區將不需要花錢預防和治療這些蚊媒疾病，從而為其他衛生優先事項騰出資金。
The World Mosquito Program aims to spread Wolbachia among Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, a tropical mosquito that is a host for dengue, yellow fever, and other viruses. (Malaria is spread through a parasite carried by the Anopheles mosquito and is not a focus of the Wolbachia effort.) With climate change, there is an urgency to the World Mosquito Program’s work. As global temperatures rise, Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, are finding more regions of the world habitable, increasing the spread of these diseases. The biggest risk is posed by dengue, which infects more than 400 million people each year and kills 20,000.
世界蚊子計劃旨在在埃及伊蚊中傳播沃爾巴克氏體，埃及伊蚊是一種熱帶蚊子，是登革熱、黃熱病和其他病毒的宿主。（瘧疾是通過按蚊攜帶的寄生蟲傳播的，並不是沃爾巴克氏體研究的重點。隨著氣候變化，世界蚊子計劃的工作變得緊迫。隨著全球氣溫上升，埃及伊蚊在世界上發現更多適合居住的地區，從而增加了這些疾病的傳播。最大的風險是登革熱，它每年感染超過4億人，造成20,000人死亡。
The demand for these lifesaving mosquitoes continues to grow and that means the World Mosquito Program needs to produce hundreds of millions of Wolbachia mosquitoes. That brings us back to the factory in Medellín, which is currently the world’s largest mosquito breeding facility in the world, producing more than 30 million mosquitoes per week. Other World Mosquito Program sites around the world are also breeding Wolbachia mosquitoes, but Colombia’s is currently the largest.
對這些救命蚊子的需求持續增長，這意味著世界蚊子計劃需要生產數億隻沃爾巴克氏體蚊子。這讓我們回到了麥德林的工廠，該工廠目前是世界上最大的蚊子繁殖設施，每周生產超過 3000 萬隻蚊子。世界各地的其他世界蚊子計劃網站也在繁殖沃爾巴克氏體蚊子，但哥倫比亞的網站目前是最大的。
Until now, killing or repelling mosquitoes with insecticides, bed nets, and traps has been the priority, not mass producing them. As difficult as it is to kill mosquitoes, raising them by the millions may be even harder. Mosquitoes must be bred, fed, and housed under ideal conditions for them to grow and reproduce. The factory in Medellín has been perfecting the process and improving its efficiency so they can breed and release Wolbachia mosquitoes on a large scale.
到目前為止，用殺蟲劑、蚊帳和陷阱殺死或驅趕蚊子一直是優先事項，而不是大規模生產它們。殺死蚊子雖然困難，但飼養數百萬隻蚊子可能更難。蚊子必須在理想的條件下繁殖、餵養和安置，以便它們生長和繁殖。麥德林的工廠一直在完善工藝並提高效率，以便他們能夠大規模繁殖和釋放沃爾巴克氏體蚊子。
The centerpiece of the mosquito factory is a colony of Wolbachia mosquitoes, called the brood stock, from which all future populations of Wolbachia mosquito offspring are bred. The brood stock offspring are then raised to create millions of eggs, which hatch when put in water and become larvae. Fed with fish meal, the larvae grow to become pupae, which then become adults. To thrive, adults need sugar (check out this story about how researchers in Zambia are exploiting mosquito’s craving for sugar to create a new bait that will control the spread of malaria) and blood, which the team sources from expired stocks at blood banks.
蚊子工廠的核心是沃爾巴克氏體蚊子的群落，稱為親魚種群，未來所有沃爾巴克氏體蚊子的後代都是從這裡繁殖的。然後飼養親魚種群的後代以產生數百萬個卵，這些卵在放入水中時孵化並成為幼蟲。用魚粉餵養，幼蟲長成蛹，然後變成成蟲。為了茁壯成長，成年人需要糖（看看這個故事，瞭解赞比亞的研究人員如何利用蚊子對糖的渴望來創造一種新的誘餌來控制瘧疾的傳播）和血液，該團隊從血庫的過期庫存中獲取這些物質。
Once the factory has bred millions of eggs and adult mosquitoes, they are ready to be released. The eggs are packaged in small gelatin capsules, each containing 300 eggs, which are given to residents to drop in water to hatch. The advantage of egg releases like this is that the eggs can easily be transported long distances and they can be hatched as needed. The factory also releases adult mosquitoes by the thousands from the back of motorcycles roving the city. The World Mosquito team is also experimenting with releases from drones. The adult releases allow the Wolbachia mosquitoes to immediately begin mating with the wild mosquito population and spreading the virus-blocking bacteria.
一旦工廠培育了數百萬個卵和成年蚊子，它們就可以被釋放了。雞蛋包裝在小明膠膠囊中，每個膠囊含有 300 個雞蛋，這些雞蛋被交給居民放入水中孵化。像這樣的種蛋釋放的優點是種蛋可以很容易地長距離運輸，並且可以根據需要孵化。該工廠還從城市中漫遊的摩托車後座釋放了數千隻成年蚊子。World Mosquito 團隊也在試驗無人機的釋放。成蚊的釋放使沃爾巴克氏體蚊子能夠立即開始與野生蚊子種配並傳播阻斷病毒的細菌。
It’s exciting to see how far the World Mosquito Program has come. Years ago, the idea of releasing mosquitoes as an ally in the fight against diseases struck many people as crazy. But support for this innovative solution has caught on in communities around the world. These amazing mosquitoes are taking flight and saving lives.
看到世界蚊子計劃取得的進展令人興奮。幾年前，釋放蚊子作為對抗疾病的盟友的想法讓許多人感到瘋狂。但是，對這種創新解決方案的支援已經在世界各地的社區流行起來。這些神奇的蚊子正在飛翔並拯救生命。
From the blog of Bill Gates
來自比爾·蓋茨的博客
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